RESUMO
La nutrición enteral (NE) constituye una técnica de nutrición artificial que permite la administración por vía digestiva de una mezcla definida de nutrientes y agua, por medio de sondas implantadas por vía nasal o por enterostomías (por ejemplo, por gastrostomía). Siempre que el paciente presente limitaciones para la ingesta oral voluntaria o la deglución de los nutrientes, y siempre que la capacidad del aparato digestivo permita absorber los nutrientes, se recurrirá a la administración a través de una sonda. La preocupación por el estado nutricional de los pacientes es una realidad cada vez más presente entre los profesionales de la sanidad, ya que se ha demostrado la relación directa entre la malnutrición y la morbimortalidad de los pacientes hospitalizados. La nutrición enteral se ha convertido en un procedimiento útil para el tratamiento de estos pacientes, que reduce su morbimortalidad. La NE puede administrarse por bomba de infusión, por goteo gravitatorio (menor uso clínico) y a través de jeringa (bolus), teniendo en cuenta la velocidad de la misma, lo que evita un gran número de complicaciones (suelen deberse a administraciones demasiado rápidas). En consecuencia, el método empleado se ajustará a las necesidades de cada paciente, considerando, asimismo, la tolerancia y su riesgo de aspiración. En este trabajo nos centraremos en la administración de la NE mediante bomba de infusión haciendo hincapié en la disminución de complicaciones con esta metodología frente a la administración por bolus (jeringa) (AU)
Enteral nutrition (NE) is a technique of artificial nutrition that enables management by digestive tract of a defined mixture of nutrients and water, by means of probes implanted nasally or by enterostomies (eg: gastrostomy). Whenever the patient present limitations for voluntary oral ingestion or swallowing of the nutrients, and digestive capacity permitted to absorb nutrients, will draw the administration through a tube. Concern for the nutritional status of the patients is a more present reality among health professionals have demonstrated the direct relationship between malnutrition and morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Enteral nutrition has become a useful procedure for the treatment of these patients, reducing their morbidity and mortality. The NE can be administered by infusion by gravity drip (less clinical use) pump and syringe (bolus), taking into account the speed of it, thus avoiding a large number of complications (usually due to too rapid administrations), so the method employed will be adjusted to the needs of each patient, whereas, the tolerance and its risk of aspiration. In this paper we will focus on the NE by infusion pump administration emphasizing the reduction of complications with this methodology against the administration by bolus (syringe) (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Nutrição Enteral/instrumentação , Bombas de Infusão , Algoritmos , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
Enteral nutrition (NE) is a technique of artificial nutrition that enables management by digestive tract of a defined mixture of nutrients and water, by means of probes implanted nasally or by enterostomies (eg: gastrostomy). Whenever the patient present limitations for voluntary oral ingestion or swallowing of the nutrients, and digestive capacity permitted to absorb nutrients, will draw the administration through a tube. Concern for the nutritional status of the patients is a more present reality among health professionals have demonstrated the direct relationship between malnutrition and morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Enteral nutrition has become a useful procedure for the treatment of these patients, reducing their morbidity and mortality. The NE can be administered by infusion by gravity drip (less clinical use) pump and syringe (bolus), taking into account the speed of it, thus avoiding a large number of complications (usually due to too rapid administrations), so the method employed will be adjusted to the needs of each patient, whereas, the tolerance and its risk of aspiration. In this paper we will focus on the NE by infusion pump administration emphasizing the reduction of complications with this methodology against the administration by bolus (syringe).
